Crawling out of your comfy bed early in the morning is no easy task.
However, I have found that there are a few ways to make mornings
brighter and easier to tackle—and I even made a timeline to show you how
I do it! Just remember that your schedule might be slightly different
than the one below (which is geared for my 9-5 people out there). If
this timeline works for you, stick to it. If not, adjust it so that it
fits your schedule. Let’s start with the night before…
10:00 p.m. – Bedtime.
Avoid watching TV, surfing the Internet, or eating a big meal too late
at night. If you don’t give your body and mind enough time to shut down
before getting into bed, chances are time will tick away without you
even noticing it. Don’t find yourself awake past your bedtime—it will
prevent you from feeling rested in the morning. I try to go to bed by 10
p.m. because I like to wake up and log in an early morning workout. Aim
for getting 6-8 hours of sleep a night.
10:00 p.m. – 6:00 a.m. – Sleep.
A quiet, dark, peaceful environment ideal for getting a good night’s
rest. Also, make sure you set an alarm clock before you fall asleep. It
will mentally prepare you for the morning and make your brain aware of
the time it is supposed to wake up. I recommend setting it about 15
minutes before you actually have to get up and out of bed. That way, you
can start waking up without feeling rushed or frazzled.
6:00 a.m. – Rise and shine.
The first thing I like to do in the morning is get up, open the windows
and start my coffee maker. The smell of brewing coffee instantly wakes
up my senses, and the morning light kick-starts my brain into wake up
mode.
6:05 a.m. – Make your bed.
Making your bed soon after you wake up makes it harder to crawl back
under the covers later—no matter how tired you are. It also sends
messages to your brain that you are waking up and starting your day.
6:15 a.m. – Wash up.
After I make my bed, I wash my face, brush my teeth, and comb my hair.
Whatever your morning routine is, start it now! There are few things
better than waking up to a cold sensation of splashing water on your
face mixed with the minty fresh taste of toothpaste.
6:35 a.m. – Exercise.
Some people like to log in their workout after they leave the office. But I think it is one of the best ways you can start your day. When I work out in the a.m., I always leave the gym feeling energized and refreshed. Plus, breakfast tastes so much better when you know you’ve worked for it. Go for a brisk run outside
(the fresh air will wake you up) or try a spin class. I wouldn’t
recommend a slower-paced exercise, like gentle yoga, in the mornings.
You might find yourself snoozing off during shavasana. I set aside about
45 minutes for my morning workout because I like taking my time and not
rushing through it. If your favorite workout is longer or shorter,
adjust this allotted time slot as needed.
7:20 a.m. – Stretch it out.
While I don’t recommend a gentle yoga class in the early morning hours, I do
recommend doing a few minutes of stretching to improve your flexibility
and warm up your muscles for the day to come. Try some of these stretches after your morning sweat sesh.
7:30 a.m. – Shower.
Everyone knows how much a morning shower can help wake you up, put you
in a good mood, and leave you feeling fresh (and smelling clean!). Make
your morning better by lathering up for a good 15 minutes.
7:45 a.m. – Turn the tunes and fuel up.
Playing tunes
that are upbeat in the morning is almost guaranteed to make your mood
upbeat too. And make sure you do not skip the most important meal of the
day. Eating a healthy breakfast is a crucial way to stay fit, slim down, and manage your energy levels through the day. I like to whip up some overnight oats, a veggie omelet, or a green smoothie to get my day going. Check out these Busy Girl Breakfast ideas for more recipes.
8:05 a.m. – Get ready.
Do your hair, put on your makeup, and get dressed. I like to think about
what I’m going to wear the night before in order to avoid several
outfit changes (and a messy bedroom as well). If your hair is high
maintenance and you know it takes a while to tame, try to nail down a
routine that simplifies your primp time. Click here for a few tips for getting ready in 10 minutes or less.
8:45 a.m. – Hit the road!
It doesn’t take me too long to get to the LC HQ in the morning, so I set
aside 15 minutes for my drive. If you have a longer commute, you can
adjust your morning routine as needed. Either way, by the time you get
into the office, think about all the things you’ve accomplished before 9
a.m.! That alone should wake you up and get you motivated for the day
to come.
source: http://laurenconrad.com/blog/2013/07/make-your-mornings-brighter-health-sleep-habits-lauren-conrad-july-2013/
Rules: Relative Clause Reduction
1. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object.
The boy who / whom / that you don’t like much wants to talk to you.
The boy you don’t like much wants to talk to you.
Note: In non-defining sentences you neither omit the relative pronoun nor use “that”.
My mother, who / whom that you met yesterday, wants to talk to you.
My mother you met yesterday…
2. We can use participles when reducing the sentence.
a) Present Participle Ving (simultaneous)
We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the city.
We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the city.(Present Participle)
b) Past Participle V3 or being V3 (passive simultaneous)
Two boy who was attacked by a dog was taken to hospital.
Two boy attacked by a dog was taken to hospital. (Past Participle)
c) Perfect Participle having V3 (active-explaining sth.happened before the others)
The girl who has asked a question is very clever.
The girl having asked a question is very clever.(Perfect Participle)
d) Perfect passive participle having been V3 (passive-explaining sth happened before the others)
The teacher who has been asked a question is very clever.
The teacher having been asked a question is very clever.(Perfect passive participle)
3. If “To be” verb is used after a relative pronoun we can omit “Relative Pronoun + To be”.
The car which is parked next to mine is very expensive.
The car parked next to mine is very expensive.
Hamlet,which was written by Shakespeare sometime in the early 1600s, is among the classics.
Hamlet, written by Shakespeare sometime in the early 1600s, is among the classics.
4. When the verb “have” meaning possession, we can omit relative pronoun and “have” and use with(+) or without(-).
Students who have enough knowledge and skills will be admitted.
Students with enough knowledge and skills will be admitted.
People who don’t have their ID cards can not get in.
People without their ID cards can not get in.
5. We can use infinitive “to” in the cases below.
1. The only…to
2. Superlative…to
3. The first, last, second, next…to
John is the only person who understands me.
John is the only person to understand me.
Tom is the most handsome boy who came in this school.
Tom is the most handsome boy to come in this school.
Jack is the first person who has handed in this exam.
Jack is the first person to have handed in this exam.
source : http://www.grammarbank.com/reduced-relative-clauses.html
The boy who / whom / that you don’t like much wants to talk to you.
The boy you don’t like much wants to talk to you.
Note: In non-defining sentences you neither omit the relative pronoun nor use “that”.
My mother, who / whom that you met yesterday, wants to talk to you.
My mother you met yesterday…
2. We can use participles when reducing the sentence.
a) Present Participle Ving (simultaneous)
We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the city.
We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the city.(Present Participle)
b) Past Participle V3 or being V3 (passive simultaneous)
Two boy who was attacked by a dog was taken to hospital.
Two boy attacked by a dog was taken to hospital. (Past Participle)
c) Perfect Participle having V3 (active-explaining sth.happened before the others)
The girl who has asked a question is very clever.
The girl having asked a question is very clever.(Perfect Participle)
d) Perfect passive participle having been V3 (passive-explaining sth happened before the others)
The teacher who has been asked a question is very clever.
The teacher having been asked a question is very clever.(Perfect passive participle)
3. If “To be” verb is used after a relative pronoun we can omit “Relative Pronoun + To be”.
The car which is parked next to mine is very expensive.
The car parked next to mine is very expensive.
Hamlet,which was written by Shakespeare sometime in the early 1600s, is among the classics.
Hamlet, written by Shakespeare sometime in the early 1600s, is among the classics.
4. When the verb “have” meaning possession, we can omit relative pronoun and “have” and use with(+) or without(-).
Students who have enough knowledge and skills will be admitted.
Students with enough knowledge and skills will be admitted.
People who don’t have their ID cards can not get in.
People without their ID cards can not get in.
5. We can use infinitive “to” in the cases below.
1. The only…to
2. Superlative…to
3. The first, last, second, next…to
John is the only person who understands me.
John is the only person to understand me.
Tom is the most handsome boy who came in this school.
Tom is the most handsome boy to come in this school.
Jack is the first person who has handed in this exam.
Jack is the first person to have handed in this exam.
source : http://www.grammarbank.com/reduced-relative-clauses.html
Bahasa Inggris 2 # Tugas 4
Exercise 37: Relative Clauses
1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose grades are the highest in the school has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera which has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man who we are going to nominate for the office or treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to Chinaa next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter that self-corrects.
10. The book which I found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article which indicated that he disliked the president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.
Exercise 38: Relative Clause Reduction
1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffe is Mary Allen.
6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.
9. The number of students counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.
Exercise 39: Subjunctive
1. The teacher demanded the student to leave the room.
2. Correct
3. It was very important that we delayed discussion.
4. Correct
5. The king decreed the new laws to take effect the following months.
6. Correct
7. Correct
8. His father prefers him to attend a different university.
9. The faculty stipulated the rule to be abolished.
10. She urged us to find another alternative.
1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose grades are the highest in the school has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera which has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man who we are going to nominate for the office or treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to Chinaa next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter that self-corrects.
10. The book which I found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article which indicated that he disliked the president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.
Exercise 38: Relative Clause Reduction
1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffe is Mary Allen.
6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.
9. The number of students counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.
Exercise 39: Subjunctive
1. The teacher demanded the student to leave the room.
2. Correct
3. It was very important that we delayed discussion.
4. Correct
5. The king decreed the new laws to take effect the following months.
6. Correct
7. Correct
8. His father prefers him to attend a different university.
9. The faculty stipulated the rule to be abolished.
10. She urged us to find another alternative.
The Dark Originis Of The Grimms Fairy Tales
Every fairy tale ends with a happily ever after, right? Well, not to begin with, they didn’t…
If you had to recount the story of Cinderella right now, you could
probably do it quite easily. Wicked stepmother, glass slipper, stroke of
midnight, blah blah blah. You could probably also reel off the story of
Snow White, or Little Red Riding Hood, without needing to really think
about it too much. These stories are pretty well woven into our cultural
DNA by now – and a lot of that is down to the work of the Grimm
brothers. But the versions we know now aren’t the versions the Grimms
originally published, and the stories weren’t originally intended for
kids at all.
Back in the early 1800s, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were working as librarians. Born into a well-off family, their lives took a turn for the worse when their father died, and the brothers struggled through school and university in poverty. Librarians weren’t particularly well paid, either, but the Grimms were both keen scholars, and their work gave them both time and opportunity for their own research. And their research led them to put together a collection of folk tales.
It sounds like a kind of whimsical project, but actually the Grimms’ work was part of a wider political movement in Germany at the time. The country was split into 200 principalities, and many people – including the Grimms’ law professor, Friedrich von Savigny – wanted to see them united as a single nation. To that end, many writers and thinkers were turning to traditional folk tales to explore (or maybe define) a kind of German national identity. The theory was that these stories, passed down from one generation to the next, contained the collective hopes, fears, and morals of the German people. The Grimms weren’t the only ones putting together collections of folklore, but it’s their work that became the best known.
Their first volume of stories, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (or Children's and Household Tales) contained 86 stories, gathered together from the Grimms’ research, and from their friends and acquaintances. The Grimms included stories commonly told in other regions of the world if they thought they had German roots somewhere along the line (including rewritten versions of stories thought to be original to French author Charles Perrault) and all the stories were edited, both so that they used Germanic words and phrases, and so that they sounded authentically rustic. It’s hard to know, now, how cynically that might’ve been done, so maybe it’s best to give the Grimms the benefit of the doubt and assume they thought they were doing what they thought was best.
One thing they definitely were doing, though, was making sure to include all the gory details of the more didactic stories in their collection. You’ve probably heard that most fairy tales were much nastier in their original forms than they are in the later Disneyfied versions, but it’s still striking just how much darker they were. If you don’t feel like having your childhood illusions shattered, click away now, because I’m about to share some of the grisly details from the original versions of some much-loved fairy tales:
According to Disney: Upset by her step-daughter’s
beauty, a wicked stepmother orders a huntsman to take her young daughter
out into the woods and kill her, bringing back her heart. The huntsman
can’t do it, and lets Snow White escape into the forest. She finds a
tiny house where singing dwarves, all named for their defining
characteristics, live. They decide to let her stay, to keep house for
them.
The wicked queen finds out, via her magic mirror, that Snow White isn’t dead, and sets out to kill her with a poisoned apple. Though the dwaves get revenge by driving the queen off the edge of a cliff, they can’t wake Snow White… until a passing prince comes and awakens her with true love’s kiss. And then they live happily ever after.
But originally: In the first edition of the story, it wasn’t a wicked step-mother at all. It was Snow White’s mother. And she didn’t just want Snow White’s heart – she wanted her lungs and liver, too. When she discovers that the huntsman hasn’t killed the girl, she sets out to try to kill her in three different ways: with an overly tight corset, with a poisoned comb, and finally with a poisoned apple. It’s not true love’s kiss that revives Snow White, it’s a good shake, as the prince attempts to make off with Snow White’s glass coffin – and the queen doesn’t get pushed off a cliff, she’s forced to dance herself to death in a pair of red-hot iron shoes. Ouch.
According to Disney: After her widowed father
remarries and then dies, Cinderella is left at the mercy of her wicked
stepmother and two ugly stepsisters. They force her to do manual labour
and wear rags, but she’s so sweet, kind, and beautiful that even wild
animals love her and help her out.
When the prince throws a ball, Cinderella’s fairy godmother appears and creates a dress, coach, and footmen for her, so she can go to the party. The prince falls in love with her, but the magic ends at midnight – so she has to run away, leaving behind only her glass slipper. The prince travels the country looking for the girl who fits the shoe, but her stepsisters sabotage her by smashing it. Happily, she’s still got the other one, so she gets to live happily ever after, too.
But originally: Well, originally, the Cinderella story appeared in a volume of Charles Perrault’s fairy tales. But in the Grimms’ more German version, Cinderella (or “Aschenputtel”, Ash-fool) has two beautiful step-sisters – they just happen to be utterly horrible. There’s no fairy godmother, just white doves sent to help Cinderella by her dead mother, and the prince actually holds three balls – at midnight on the third night, the prince lays a tar trap for Cinderella, which is where she loses her shoe. When her sisters get their chance to try on the missing shoe, they each cut off different parts of their feet in order to fit into the tiny slipper, but the blood dripping from their shoes gives them away. The prince eventually finds his girl, and at their wedding, the magic doves reappear to peck out the evil sisters’ eyes.
According to Disney: A king and queen throw a huge
party to celebrate the birth of their daughter, Aurora. But though they
invite three good fairies, who each give her blessings, they didn’t
invite the evil fairy Maleficent. Angry about being snubbed, she
gatecrashes the party and gives the girl a curse: before she turns 16,
she’ll prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die. One of the good
fairies manages to modify the curse, so that Aurora won’t die – she’ll
just sleep until she’s awoken by true love’s kiss. (Yup, that again.)
The fairies try to hide the girl, and she even meets and sings to the prince in the forest, but curses can’t be hidden from, so she eventually does prick her finger and fall asleep. Maleficent locks the prince in her dungeon so he can’t break the curse, but the good fairies rescue him. Maleficient turns into a dragon, because that’s awesome, but the prince pushes her off a cliff and wakes Aurora with a kiss. Cue the happily ever after bit.
But originally: This is an interesting one, because the Grimm version of the story is actually pretty close to the Disney version: there’s a magic frog at the beginning, thirteen fairies instead of three, and lots of dead suitors stuck in the forest surrounding the castle, but otherwise, the story is pretty similar.
However, the story was published by other authors before the Grimms got their hands on it, and those versions are pretty nasty. In Giambattista’s version from 1634, once the prince finds Sleeping Beauty, he rapes her, and she only wakes up when one of the children she bore while asleep sucks the splinter out of her finger by mistake. And though Perrault’s 1697 version removes the rapes, it chucks in an epilogue with an evil stepmother who tries to eat the happy couple’s children, and ends up being thrown into a pit of vipers. Says something when the Grimms’ version is nicer than the others, doesn’t it?
According to Disney: Disney’s adaptation of Rapunzel, Tangled,
is very recent, and not very traditional. Rapunzel gets a lot more
agency than most other Disney princesses, and her prince isn’t a prince
at all. But the elements of a sanitised Rapunzel story are there: a
beautiful princess is kept captive by a witch, who uses the girl’s long
hair to climb in and out of a tower prison, and it’s only when she meets
a man that she gets to escape.
But originally: According to the Grimms, the reason the wicked witch gets to make off with baby Rapunzel is that her dad stole herbs from the witch’s garden to meet his wife’s cravings, and when he got caught, he agreed to hand over his first-born. Rapunzel gets stuck in the tower, letting down her hair for the witch, but when a passing prince hears her singing, he decides to pay Rapunzel a visit himself. He visits her, secretly, several times, and the witch only finds out because Rapunzel gets pregnant, and innocently asks why her belly’s getting so big.
In a rage, the witch cuts off the girl’s hair, uses it to lure the prince back into the tower, then chucks him off the top, letting him fall into a thorn bush that plucks out his eyes. Eventually, though, there is a happy ending where the couple get back together, and Rapunzel’s tears heal the prince’s eyes.
Disturbed enough yet? There’s more. In some of the Grimms’ stories, there’s an unpleasant seam of anti-Semitism. For example, in one story, the hero tortures a Jewish man by making him dance on thorns until he’s torn and bleeding, as punishment for some imagined sins. When the man cries for help, the judge sides with his torturer, and the Jew is hanged as a thief. The racism, combined with German patriotism, might explain why the Nazis saw the Grimm fairy tales as such a great match for their propaganda: in films aimed at kids, Little Red Riding Hood gets rescued by a man in an SS uniform, while Puss in Boots morphs into a kind of Hitler figure at the end. Scary stuff.
That’s jumping a long way into the future, though. Back in the 1800s, after the first edition of the collection was published, the Grimms were criticised for writing stories that were unsuitable for kids. In response, they re-edited some of the stories to soften their rough edges, and later editions were split: ‘Large’ editions contained all the stories, with academic annotations by the brothers, while ‘Small’ editions contained selected re-edited stories deemed suitable for kids. Those edits created a wider audience for the Grimms’ books, and probably ensured that their stories endured.
After all, no-one wants a bedtime story that gives them nightmares.
Back in the early 1800s, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were working as librarians. Born into a well-off family, their lives took a turn for the worse when their father died, and the brothers struggled through school and university in poverty. Librarians weren’t particularly well paid, either, but the Grimms were both keen scholars, and their work gave them both time and opportunity for their own research. And their research led them to put together a collection of folk tales.
It sounds like a kind of whimsical project, but actually the Grimms’ work was part of a wider political movement in Germany at the time. The country was split into 200 principalities, and many people – including the Grimms’ law professor, Friedrich von Savigny – wanted to see them united as a single nation. To that end, many writers and thinkers were turning to traditional folk tales to explore (or maybe define) a kind of German national identity. The theory was that these stories, passed down from one generation to the next, contained the collective hopes, fears, and morals of the German people. The Grimms weren’t the only ones putting together collections of folklore, but it’s their work that became the best known.
Their first volume of stories, Kinder- und Hausmärchen (or Children's and Household Tales) contained 86 stories, gathered together from the Grimms’ research, and from their friends and acquaintances. The Grimms included stories commonly told in other regions of the world if they thought they had German roots somewhere along the line (including rewritten versions of stories thought to be original to French author Charles Perrault) and all the stories were edited, both so that they used Germanic words and phrases, and so that they sounded authentically rustic. It’s hard to know, now, how cynically that might’ve been done, so maybe it’s best to give the Grimms the benefit of the doubt and assume they thought they were doing what they thought was best.
One thing they definitely were doing, though, was making sure to include all the gory details of the more didactic stories in their collection. You’ve probably heard that most fairy tales were much nastier in their original forms than they are in the later Disneyfied versions, but it’s still striking just how much darker they were. If you don’t feel like having your childhood illusions shattered, click away now, because I’m about to share some of the grisly details from the original versions of some much-loved fairy tales:
Snow White
The wicked queen finds out, via her magic mirror, that Snow White isn’t dead, and sets out to kill her with a poisoned apple. Though the dwaves get revenge by driving the queen off the edge of a cliff, they can’t wake Snow White… until a passing prince comes and awakens her with true love’s kiss. And then they live happily ever after.
But originally: In the first edition of the story, it wasn’t a wicked step-mother at all. It was Snow White’s mother. And she didn’t just want Snow White’s heart – she wanted her lungs and liver, too. When she discovers that the huntsman hasn’t killed the girl, she sets out to try to kill her in three different ways: with an overly tight corset, with a poisoned comb, and finally with a poisoned apple. It’s not true love’s kiss that revives Snow White, it’s a good shake, as the prince attempts to make off with Snow White’s glass coffin – and the queen doesn’t get pushed off a cliff, she’s forced to dance herself to death in a pair of red-hot iron shoes. Ouch.
Cinderella
When the prince throws a ball, Cinderella’s fairy godmother appears and creates a dress, coach, and footmen for her, so she can go to the party. The prince falls in love with her, but the magic ends at midnight – so she has to run away, leaving behind only her glass slipper. The prince travels the country looking for the girl who fits the shoe, but her stepsisters sabotage her by smashing it. Happily, she’s still got the other one, so she gets to live happily ever after, too.
But originally: Well, originally, the Cinderella story appeared in a volume of Charles Perrault’s fairy tales. But in the Grimms’ more German version, Cinderella (or “Aschenputtel”, Ash-fool) has two beautiful step-sisters – they just happen to be utterly horrible. There’s no fairy godmother, just white doves sent to help Cinderella by her dead mother, and the prince actually holds three balls – at midnight on the third night, the prince lays a tar trap for Cinderella, which is where she loses her shoe. When her sisters get their chance to try on the missing shoe, they each cut off different parts of their feet in order to fit into the tiny slipper, but the blood dripping from their shoes gives them away. The prince eventually finds his girl, and at their wedding, the magic doves reappear to peck out the evil sisters’ eyes.
Sleeping Beauty
The fairies try to hide the girl, and she even meets and sings to the prince in the forest, but curses can’t be hidden from, so she eventually does prick her finger and fall asleep. Maleficent locks the prince in her dungeon so he can’t break the curse, but the good fairies rescue him. Maleficient turns into a dragon, because that’s awesome, but the prince pushes her off a cliff and wakes Aurora with a kiss. Cue the happily ever after bit.
But originally: This is an interesting one, because the Grimm version of the story is actually pretty close to the Disney version: there’s a magic frog at the beginning, thirteen fairies instead of three, and lots of dead suitors stuck in the forest surrounding the castle, but otherwise, the story is pretty similar.
However, the story was published by other authors before the Grimms got their hands on it, and those versions are pretty nasty. In Giambattista’s version from 1634, once the prince finds Sleeping Beauty, he rapes her, and she only wakes up when one of the children she bore while asleep sucks the splinter out of her finger by mistake. And though Perrault’s 1697 version removes the rapes, it chucks in an epilogue with an evil stepmother who tries to eat the happy couple’s children, and ends up being thrown into a pit of vipers. Says something when the Grimms’ version is nicer than the others, doesn’t it?
Rapunzel
But originally: According to the Grimms, the reason the wicked witch gets to make off with baby Rapunzel is that her dad stole herbs from the witch’s garden to meet his wife’s cravings, and when he got caught, he agreed to hand over his first-born. Rapunzel gets stuck in the tower, letting down her hair for the witch, but when a passing prince hears her singing, he decides to pay Rapunzel a visit himself. He visits her, secretly, several times, and the witch only finds out because Rapunzel gets pregnant, and innocently asks why her belly’s getting so big.
In a rage, the witch cuts off the girl’s hair, uses it to lure the prince back into the tower, then chucks him off the top, letting him fall into a thorn bush that plucks out his eyes. Eventually, though, there is a happy ending where the couple get back together, and Rapunzel’s tears heal the prince’s eyes.
Disturbed enough yet? There’s more. In some of the Grimms’ stories, there’s an unpleasant seam of anti-Semitism. For example, in one story, the hero tortures a Jewish man by making him dance on thorns until he’s torn and bleeding, as punishment for some imagined sins. When the man cries for help, the judge sides with his torturer, and the Jew is hanged as a thief. The racism, combined with German patriotism, might explain why the Nazis saw the Grimm fairy tales as such a great match for their propaganda: in films aimed at kids, Little Red Riding Hood gets rescued by a man in an SS uniform, while Puss in Boots morphs into a kind of Hitler figure at the end. Scary stuff.
That’s jumping a long way into the future, though. Back in the 1800s, after the first edition of the collection was published, the Grimms were criticised for writing stories that were unsuitable for kids. In response, they re-edited some of the stories to soften their rough edges, and later editions were split: ‘Large’ editions contained all the stories, with academic annotations by the brothers, while ‘Small’ editions contained selected re-edited stories deemed suitable for kids. Those edits created a wider audience for the Grimms’ books, and probably ensured that their stories endured.
After all, no-one wants a bedtime story that gives them nightmares.
Bahasa Inggris 2: Tugas ke 3
Exercise 32 : Enough
- People enough
- French enough
- Enough time
- Fast enough
- Soon enough
- Enough early
- Hard enough
- Slowly enough
- Enough flour
- Books enough
- Because of
- Because of
- Because of
- Because
- Because
- Because
- Because of
- Because of
- Because of
- Because of
- So
- Such
- Such
- So
- So
- So
- Such
- So
- So
- Such
- So
- So
- Such
- So
- So
- The president is called by somebody every day.
- The other members are being called by John.
- Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
- Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
- The Supplies should be bought be the teacher for this class.
- Leave
- Repaired
- Typed
- Call
- Painted
- Write
- Lie
- Send
- Cut
- Signed
- Leave
- Washed
- To fix
- Published
- To find
Passive Voice
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:- the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
- the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive
| Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | Active: | Rita | writes | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | is written | by Rita. | |
| Simple Past | Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | was written | by Rita. | |
| Present Perfect | Active: | Rita | has written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | has been written | by Rita. | |
| Future I | Active: | Rita | will write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | will be written | by Rita. | |
| Hilfsverben | Active: | Rita | can write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | can be written | by Rita. | |
Examples of Passive
| Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present Progressive | Active: | Rita | is writing | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | is being written | by Rita. | |
| Past Progressive | Active: | Rita | was writing | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | was being written | by Rita. | |
| Past Perfect | Active: | Rita | had written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | had been written | by Rita. | |
| Future II | Active: | Rita | will have written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | will have been written | by Rita. | |
| Conditional I | Active: | Rita | would write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | would be written | by Rita. | |
| Conditional II | Active: | Rita | would have written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | would have been written | by Rita. | |
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.| Subject | Verb | Object 1 | Object 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter | to me. |
| Passive: | A letter | was written | to me | by Rita. |
| Passive: | I | was written | a letter | by Rita. |
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a
personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the
subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive
verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore
this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning
of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The
rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with ‘to’
(certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
sumber = https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
EXERCISE ENGLISH BUSINESS 2
Exercise 26 : Adjective and Adverb
- Well
- Intense
- Brightly
- Fluent
- Fluently
- Smooth
- Accurately
- Bitter
- Soon
- Fast
- Terrible
- Well
- Good
- Calm
- Sick
- Quickly
- Diligently
- Vehemntly
- Relaxed
- Noisy
- As soon
- More important
- As Well
- More expensive
- As hot
- More talented
- More colorful
- Happier
- Worse
- Faster
- Than
- Than
- From
- Than
- As
- Than
- As
- Than
- Than
- From
- Better
- Happiest
- Faster
- Creamist
- More colorful
- Better
- Good
- More awkwardly
- Least
- Prettier
- The Best
- Than
- Less impressive
- The sicker
- Tha
- Twice as much as
- Few
- Much
- Farthest
- More famous
Timun Mas
Long
time ago, living a couple of farmers. They live in a village near the
forest. They live happy, unfortunately they have not only was a child
also.Every day they pray to the God. They pray to be soon be a
child. One day a giant passes where they reside. Giant prayer is heard
that wife’s husband. Giant then provide them with seeds cucumber.
“Plant seeds of this, Later you will soon get a female child,” said the giant.
“Thank you, giant,” said the couple.
“But there is condition, at the age of 17 years the child must be submitted with you to me,” the giant reply.
Without thinking long they agree, because it wanted a child.
Husband and wife farmers to plant the seeds cucumber. Every day they start caring for the plants that grow with it as best as possible. Many months and then bear a cucumber with golden color.
Fruit cucumber that the longer become larger and heavier. When the fruit is ripe, they take it, carefully slit the fruit. Sudenlly, in the fruit is found in infants of women who are very beautiful. Couple was very happy, they gave the name of the baby Timun Mas.
Year after year passed, Timun Mas grown into a beautiful girl. Both parents are very proud of her. But they became very afraid, because in the anniversary Timun Mas at 17, the giant will back. The giant take back that promises to take Timun Mas.
Farmers are trying to calm. “Wait a moment. Timun Mas playing. My wife would called her,” he said. Farmers find it immediately to her doughter. “My girl, take this,” she said while giving a cloth bag. “This will help fight the giant. Now flee as soon as possible,” she said. So even Timun Mas immediately fled.
Couple on the sad departure Timun Mas. But they are not willing if their child become food giant. Giant waiting long time. He was not a patient. He knew, was that lied by couple of farmers. And he also destroyed the huts of the farmers. Then it was to pursue Timun Mas to forest.
Giant run chase immediately Timun Mas. Near the gian,Timun Mas immediately take the handful of salt from the cloth pouch. Then salt spread it to the giant. Suddenly a wide sea also unfold. Giant forced to swim with great difficulty.
Timun Mas ran again. But then most successful giant come closer. Timun Mas again taking bizarre objects from a cloth bag. He took the handful chili. Chili throwed to the giant. At once the tree branches and sharp thorns of the giant trap. Giant cried in pain. Timun Mas while running to save herself.
But the giant is really strong. He was again nearly captured Timun Mas. So Timun Mas is also a third issue of miraculous. She sow seeds Cucumber magic. At once grow the cucumber garden very knowledgeable. Giant very tired and hungry. He also eat the fresh cucumber with oneself. Because of too much eating, giant was slept.
Timun Mas again fled. She ran for dear life. But long run power out. More unlucky again because a giant awakened from sleep. Giant again almost catch her. Timun Mas very terrified. He also threw the last tool handful shrimp paste. Again, miracles happen. A lake of mud spread wide. Giant fall into it. Hands almost reach Timun Mas. But the lake mud is basic to withdraw it. Giant panic, he can not breathe, then submerged.
Timun Mas relieved. She has survived, Timun Mas is also return to home to their parents. Father and mother’s Timun Mas happy to see Timun Mas be save. They held, “Thank you, God. You have to save my girl,” said their delighted.
Since that time Timun Mas can live quietly with her parents. They can be happy without living in fear again.
Sumber
“Plant seeds of this, Later you will soon get a female child,” said the giant.
“Thank you, giant,” said the couple.
“But there is condition, at the age of 17 years the child must be submitted with you to me,” the giant reply.
Without thinking long they agree, because it wanted a child.
Husband and wife farmers to plant the seeds cucumber. Every day they start caring for the plants that grow with it as best as possible. Many months and then bear a cucumber with golden color.
Fruit cucumber that the longer become larger and heavier. When the fruit is ripe, they take it, carefully slit the fruit. Sudenlly, in the fruit is found in infants of women who are very beautiful. Couple was very happy, they gave the name of the baby Timun Mas.
Year after year passed, Timun Mas grown into a beautiful girl. Both parents are very proud of her. But they became very afraid, because in the anniversary Timun Mas at 17, the giant will back. The giant take back that promises to take Timun Mas.
Farmers are trying to calm. “Wait a moment. Timun Mas playing. My wife would called her,” he said. Farmers find it immediately to her doughter. “My girl, take this,” she said while giving a cloth bag. “This will help fight the giant. Now flee as soon as possible,” she said. So even Timun Mas immediately fled.
Couple on the sad departure Timun Mas. But they are not willing if their child become food giant. Giant waiting long time. He was not a patient. He knew, was that lied by couple of farmers. And he also destroyed the huts of the farmers. Then it was to pursue Timun Mas to forest.
Giant run chase immediately Timun Mas. Near the gian,Timun Mas immediately take the handful of salt from the cloth pouch. Then salt spread it to the giant. Suddenly a wide sea also unfold. Giant forced to swim with great difficulty.
Timun Mas ran again. But then most successful giant come closer. Timun Mas again taking bizarre objects from a cloth bag. He took the handful chili. Chili throwed to the giant. At once the tree branches and sharp thorns of the giant trap. Giant cried in pain. Timun Mas while running to save herself.
But the giant is really strong. He was again nearly captured Timun Mas. So Timun Mas is also a third issue of miraculous. She sow seeds Cucumber magic. At once grow the cucumber garden very knowledgeable. Giant very tired and hungry. He also eat the fresh cucumber with oneself. Because of too much eating, giant was slept.
Timun Mas again fled. She ran for dear life. But long run power out. More unlucky again because a giant awakened from sleep. Giant again almost catch her. Timun Mas very terrified. He also threw the last tool handful shrimp paste. Again, miracles happen. A lake of mud spread wide. Giant fall into it. Hands almost reach Timun Mas. But the lake mud is basic to withdraw it. Giant panic, he can not breathe, then submerged.
Timun Mas relieved. She has survived, Timun Mas is also return to home to their parents. Father and mother’s Timun Mas happy to see Timun Mas be save. They held, “Thank you, God. You have to save my girl,” said their delighted.
Since that time Timun Mas can live quietly with her parents. They can be happy without living in fear again.
Sumber
Conditional Sentences or Conditional Clauses or If Clauses.
Conditional Sentence Type 1
It's possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present , will (future)
Form: if + Simple Present , will (future)
Example:
1. If I go to campus, i will meet my friends.
2. If tono has the free time, he will go to cinema.
3. If she eat junk food, she will get an obetity
Conditional Sentence Type 2
It's possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example:
1. If I went to campus, i would meet my friends.
2. If rudi run, he would't bite by a dog
3. If she ate junk food, she would get an obetity
Conditional Sentence Type 3
It's impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example:
1. If I had went to campus, i would've met my friends.
2. If budi had studied harder, he would't have the bad scores.
3. If the day had rained, you would have brought the umbrella.
Source: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-will
Bahasa Inggris 2: Conditional Santance
Exercise 21, page 97
1. were understand 11. paint 21. had studied
2. wouldn't have been 12. were 22. has hear
3. will give 13. has write 23. see
4. would have told 14. could have permitted 24. has get
5. would have been 15. were spending 25. turn
6. had 16. will accept 26. were
7. could stop 17. has buy 27. would have called
8. were need 18. has decided 28. would have talked
9. would have found 19. would have written 29. explained
10. enjoyed 20. will leak 30. spoke
Exercise 22, page 99
1. eating
2. eat
3. swim
4. like
5. speaking
6. studying
7. dance
8. sleeping
9. eating
10. eating
Exercise 23, page 101
1. stay
2. have stayed
3. work
4. study
5. not study
6. have
7. had stood
8. not cook
9. hadn't arrived
10. have slept
Exercie 24, page 105
1. should have had
2. must have been
3. must have damaged
4. must not have parked
5. must have studied
6. should have studied
7. must have been
8. should have deposited
9. must have forgotten
10. must not have studied
Exercise 25, page 105
1. I would
2. would have gone
3. may have had
4. should have done
5. must have forgotten
6. may have slept
7. might have had
8. could have lost
9. shouldn't have driven
10. may have run
1. were understand 11. paint 21. had studied
2. wouldn't have been 12. were 22. has hear
3. will give 13. has write 23. see
4. would have told 14. could have permitted 24. has get
5. would have been 15. were spending 25. turn
6. had 16. will accept 26. were
7. could stop 17. has buy 27. would have called
8. were need 18. has decided 28. would have talked
9. would have found 19. would have written 29. explained
10. enjoyed 20. will leak 30. spoke
Exercise 22, page 99
1. eating
2. eat
3. swim
4. like
5. speaking
6. studying
7. dance
8. sleeping
9. eating
10. eating
Exercise 23, page 101
1. stay
2. have stayed
3. work
4. study
5. not study
6. have
7. had stood
8. not cook
9. hadn't arrived
10. have slept
Exercie 24, page 105
1. should have had
2. must have been
3. must have damaged
4. must not have parked
5. must have studied
6. should have studied
7. must have been
8. should have deposited
9. must have forgotten
10. must not have studied
Exercise 25, page 105
1. I would
2. would have gone
3. may have had
4. should have done
5. must have forgotten
6. may have slept
7. might have had
8. could have lost
9. shouldn't have driven
10. may have run
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